Research Paradigms

 Research Paradigms (ppt)

Research Paradigm: A Framework for Understanding Research

A research paradigm is a fundamental set of beliefs and assumptions that guide the way research is conducted. It provides a lens through which researchers view and interpret the world. This framework influences everything from the research questions asked to the methods used to collect and analyze data.

Key Components of a Research Paradigm

1. Ontology: This refers to the nature of reality. It addresses questions like: What is the nature of existence? and Is reality objective or subjective?
2. Epistemology: This deals with the nature of knowledge. It asks questions such as: How can we know what we know? and Is knowledge objective or subjective?
3. Methodology: This is the approach taken to conduct research. It encompasses the methods used to collect and analyze data.

Major Research Paradigms

1. Positivism:
   • Ontology: Objective reality exists independently of the observer.
   • Epistemology: Knowledge is obtained through empirical observation and measurement.
   • Methodology: Quantitative methods, such as experiments and surveys, are commonly used.
2. Interpretivism:
   • Ontology: Reality is socially constructed and subjective.
   • Epistemology: Knowledge is gained through understanding the meanings and interpretations of individuals.
   • Methodology: Qualitative methods, such as interviews and observations, are often used.
3. Critical Theory:
   • Ontology: Reality is shaped by power structures and social inequalities.
   • Epistemology: Knowledge is used to challenge and transform oppressive systems.
   • Methodology: Critical analysis and social action are key components.
4. Postmodernism:
   • Ontology: Reality is fragmented and there is no single, objective truth.
   • Epistemology: Knowledge is subjective and influenced by power relations.
   • Methodology: Deconstruction and textual analysis are common approaches.

Choosing a Research Paradigm

The choice of research paradigm depends on the nature of the research question, the researcher's beliefs and values, and the disciplinary context. It is essential to be aware of the underlying assumptions and implications of each paradigm to ensure that the research is conducted in a rigorous and appropriate manner.

Source: Google Gemini.